اطلاعات پایه ای در مورد عناصر گروه ششم اصلی

Name: Oxygen
Symbol: O
Atomic Number: 8
Atomic Mass: 15.9994 amu
Melting Point: -218.4 °C (54.750008 K, -361.12 °F)
Boiling Point: -183.0 °C (90.15 K, -297.4 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 8
Number of Neutrons: 8
Classification: Non-metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.429 g/cm³
Color: colorless

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 2   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 6

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
O-15	122.2 seconds
O-16	Stable
O-17	Stable
O-18	Stable

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1774
Discoverer: Joseph Priestly
Name Origin: From the Greek words oxus (acid) and gennan (generate)
Uses: supports life
Obtained From: from liquid air

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Name: Sulfur
Symbol: S
Atomic Number: 16
Atomic Mass: 32.066 amu
Melting Point: 112.8 °C (385.95 K, 235.04001 °F)
Boiling Point: 444.6 °C (717.75 K, 832.28 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 16
Number of Neutrons: 16
Classification: Non-metal
Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
Density @ 293 K: 2.07 g/cm³
Color: yellow
British Spelling: Sulphur
IUPAC Spelling: Sulfur

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 3   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 6

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
S-32	Stable
S-33	Stable
S-34	Stable
S-35	87.2 days
S-36	Stable

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients
Discoverer: Unknown
Name Origin: From the Latin word sulfur (brimstone)
Uses: matches, gunpowder, medicines
Obtained From: naturally

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Name: Selenium
Symbol: Se
Atomic Number: 34
Atomic Mass: 78.96 amu
Melting Point: 217.0 °C (490.15 K, 422.6 °F)
Boiling Point: 684.9 °C (958.05005 K, 1264.8201 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 34
Number of Neutrons: 45
Classification: Non-metal
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 4.79 g/cm³
Color: gray

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 4   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 6

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Se-73	7.15 hours
Se-74	Stable
Se-75	119.78 days
Se-76	Stable
Se-77	Stable
Se-78	Stable
Se-79	65000.0 years
Se-80	Stable
Se-82	Stable

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1817
Discoverer: Jons Berzelius
Name Origin: From the Greek word Selênê (Moon)
Uses: photoelectric cells, TV cameras
Obtained From: refining of lead, copper, nickel

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Name: Tellurium
Symbol: Te
Atomic Number: 52
Atomic Mass: 127.6 amu
Melting Point: 449.5 °C (722.65 K, 841.1 °F)
Boiling Point: 989.8 °C (1262.95 K, 1813.64 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 52
Number of Neutrons: 76
Classification: Metalloid
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 6.24 g/cm³
Color: silverish

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 5   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 18 Fifth Energy Level: 6

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Te-119	4.69 days
Te-120	Stable
Te-121	16.8 days
Te-121m	154.0 days
Te-122	Stable
Te-123	1.3E12 years
Te-123m	119.7 days
Te-124	Stable
Te-125	Stable
Te-125m	58.0 days
Te-126	Stable
Te-127	9.4 hours
Te-127m	109.0 days
Te-128	Stable
Te-129	1.16 hours
Te-129m	33.6 days
Te-130	2.5E21 years
Te-131	25.0 minutes
Te-131m	1.35 days
Te-132	3.26 days
Te-133	12.4 minutes
Te-133m	55.4 minutes
Te-134	41.8 minutes

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1782
Discoverer: Franz Muller von Reichenstein
Name Origin: From the Greek word tellus (Earth)
Uses: coloring of glass and ceramics, thermoelectric devices
Obtained From: by-product of refining of lead and copper

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Name: Polonium
Symbol: Po
Atomic Number: 84
Atomic Mass: (209.0) amu
Melting Point: 254.0 °C (527.15 K, 489.2 °F)
Boiling Point: 962.0 °C (1235.15 K, 1763.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 84
Number of Neutrons: 125
Classification: Metalloid
Crystal Structure: Monoclinic
Density @ 293 K: 9.4 g/cm³
Color: Unknown

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 6   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 32 Fifth Energy Level: 18 Sixth Energy Level: 6

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Po-206	8.8 days
Po-207	5.8 hours
Po-208	2.89 years
Po-209	102.0 years
Po-210	138.38 days
Po-211	0.51 seconds
Po-212	0.29 microseconds
Po-213	4.0 microseconds
Po-214	163.7 microseconds
Po-215	1.78 milliseconds
Po-216	0.14 seconds
Po-218	3.1 minutes

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1898
Discoverer: Pierre and Marie Curie
Name Origin: After Poland
Uses: No uses known
Obtained From: pitchblende, decay of radium