اطلاعات پایه ای در مورد عناصر گروه هفتم اصلی

Name: Fluorine
Symbol: F
Atomic Number: 9
Atomic Mass: 18.998404 amu
Melting Point: -219.62 °C (53.530006 K, -363.31598 °F)
Boiling Point: -188.14 °C (85.01 K, -306.652 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 9
Number of Neutrons: 10
Classification: Halogen
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.696 g/cm³
Color: Greenish

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 2   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 7

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
F-18	1.8 hours
F-19	Stable

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1886
Discoverer: Joseph Henri Moissan
Name Origin: From the Latin word fluo (flow)
Uses: Refrigerants
Obtained From: mineral fluorite

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Name: Chlorine
Symbol: Cl
Atomic Number: 17
Atomic Mass: 35.4527 amu
Melting Point: -100.98 °C (172.17 K, -149.764 °F)
Boiling Point: -34.6 °C (238.55 K, -30.279997 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 17
Number of Neutrons: 18
Classification: Halogen
Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
Density @ 293 K: 3.214 g/cm³
Color: green

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 3   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 7

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Cl-35	Stable
Cl-36	301000.0 years
Cl-37	Stable
Cl-38	37.2 minutes

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1774
Discoverer: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Name Origin: From the Greek word khlôros (green)
Uses: Water purification, bleaches
Obtained From: Salt

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Name: Bromine
Symbol: Br
Atomic Number: 35
Atomic Mass: 79.904 amu
Melting Point: -7.2 °C (265.95 K, 19.04 °F)
Boiling Point: 58.78 °C (331.93 K, 137.804 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 35
Number of Neutrons: 45
Classification: Halogen
Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
Density @ 293 K: 3.119 g/cm³
Color: Red

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 4   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 7

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Br-76	16.0 hours
Br-77	2.4 days
Br-79	Stable
Br-80	17.7 minutes
Br-80m	4.42 hours
Br-81	Stable
Br-82	1.5 days
Br-83	2.4 hours
Br-84	31.8 minutes
Br-85	2.9 minutes

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1826
Discoverer: Antoine J. Balard
Name Origin: From the Greek word brômos (stench)
Uses: Poisonous
Obtained From: Sea Water

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Name: Astatine
Symbol: At
Atomic Number: 85
Atomic Mass: (210.0) amu
Melting Point: 302.0 °C (575.15 K, 575.6 °F)
Boiling Point: 337.0 °C (610.15 K, 638.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 85
Number of Neutrons: 125
Classification: Halogen
Crystal Structure: Unknown
Density @ 293 K: Unknown
Color: Unknown

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 6   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 32 Fifth Energy Level: 18 Sixth Energy Level: 7

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
At-206	29.4 minutes
At-208	1.6 hours
At-211	7.2 hours
At-215	0.1 milliseconds
At-217	32.0 milliseconds
At-218	1.6 seconds
At-219	50.0 seconds

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1940
Discoverer: D.R. Corson
Name Origin: From the Greek word astatos (unstable)
Uses: No uses known
Obtained From: Man-made