اطلاعات پایه ای در مورد عناصر گروه پنجم اصلی

Name: Nitrogen
Symbol: N
Atomic Number: 7
Atomic Mass: 14.00674 amu
Melting Point: -209.9 °C (63.250008 K, -345.81998 °F)
Boiling Point: -195.8 °C (77.35 K, -320.44 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 7
Number of Neutrons: 7
Classification: Non-metal
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 1.2506 g/cm³
Color: colorless

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 2   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 5

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
N-13	9.97 minutes
N-14	Stable
N-15	Stable
N-16	7.13 seconds

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1772
Discoverer: Daniel Rutherford
Name Origin: Greek
Uses: forms most of atmosphere
Obtained From: from liquid air

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Name: Phosphorus
Symbol: P
Atomic Number: 15
Atomic Mass: 30.97376 amu
Melting Point: 44.1 °C (317.25 K, 111.38 °F)
Boiling Point: 280.0 °C (553.15 K, 536.0 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 15
Number of Neutrons: 16
Classification: Non-metal
Crystal Structure: Monoclinic
Density @ 293 K: 1.82 g/cm³
Color: white

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 3   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 5

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
P-31	Stable
P-32	14.28 days
P-33	24.3 days

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: 1669
Discoverer: Hennig Brand
Name Origin: From the Greek words phôs (light) and phoros (bearer)
Uses: fertilizers, detergents
Obtained From: phosphate rock

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Name: Arsenic
Symbol: As
Atomic Number: 33
Atomic Mass: 74.9216 amu
Melting Point: 817.0 °C (1090.15 K, 1502.6 °F)
Boiling Point: 613.0 °C (886.15 K, 1135.4 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 33
Number of Neutrons: 42
Classification: Metalloid
Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral
Density @ 293 K: 5.72 g/cm³
Color: Gray

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 4   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 5

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
As-71	2.7 days
As-72	26.0 hours
As-73	80.3 days
As-74	17.8 days
As-75	Stable
As-76	26.3 hours
As-77	39.0 hours
As-79	9.0 minutes

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients
Discoverer: Unknown
Name Origin: From the Greek word arsenikos and the Latin word arsenicum
Uses: Poison, conducts electricity, semiconductors
Obtained From: mispickel

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Name: Antimony
Symbol: Sb
Atomic Number: 51
Atomic Mass: 121.76 amu
Melting Point: 630.0 °C (903.15 K, 1166.0 °F)
Boiling Point: 1750.0 °C (2023.15 K, 3182.0 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 51
Number of Neutrons: 71
Classification: Metalloid
Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral
Density @ 293 K: 6.684 g/cm³
Color: bluish

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 5   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 18 Fifth Energy Level: 5

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Sb-117	2.8 hours
Sb-119	38.1 hours
Sb-120	15.89 minutes
Sb-121	Stable
Sb-122	2.7 days
Sb-123	Stable
Sb-124	60.2 days
Sb-125	2.75 years
Sb-126	12.4 days
Sb-126m	19.0 minutes
Sb-127	3.84 days
Sb-129	4.4 hours

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients
Discoverer: Unknown
Name Origin: From the Greek words anti (opposed) and monos (solitude), hence "not alone"
Symbol Origin: From stibium, the ancient name for antimony sulfide
Uses: hardens lead, plastics, chemicals
Obtained From: stibnite, valentinite

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Name: Bismuth
Symbol: Bi
Atomic Number: 83
Atomic Mass: 208.98038 amu
Melting Point: 271.3 °C (544.45 K, 520.33997 °F)
Boiling Point: 1560.0 °C (1833.15 K, 2840.0 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 83
Number of Neutrons: 126
Classification: Other Metals
Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral
Density @ 293 K: 9.8 g/cm³
Color: white

 

 

Atomic Structure

Number of Energy Levels: 6   First Energy Level: 2 Second Energy Level: 8 Third Energy Level: 18 Fourth Energy Level: 32 Fifth Energy Level: 18 Sixth Energy Level: 5

 

Isotopes

Isotope	Half Life
Bi-202	1.7 hours
Bi-204	11.2 hours
Bi-205	15.3 days
Bi-206	6.24 days
Bi-207	32.0 years
Bi-208	368000.0 years
Bi-209	Stable
Bi-210	5.0 days
Bi-210m	3000000.0 years
Bi-211	2.1 minutes
Bi-212	1.0 hour
Bi-213	45.6 minutes
Bi-214	19.9 minutes
Bi-215	7.0 minutes

 

Facts

Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients
Discoverer: Unknown
Name Origin: From the German word wissmuth (white mass)
Uses: pharmaceuticals, fuses
Obtained From: bismuthine